Benefits

• Fish oil contains the omega-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Scientific studies have shown that these omega-3 fatty acids can lower triglyceride levels and slow the buildup of plaque in the arteries. Studies have also shown that regular consumption of fish oil can lower resting heart rate, lower blood pressure and improve the function of blood vessels. This can prevent stroke and heart attack. Fish oil is also an anti-inflammatory, and taking fish oil can improve joint tenderness and stiffness present in conditions such as arthritis.
  
  

Function

• Scientists aren't sure exactly how consumption of fish oil helps heart health, but research has shown it works. The link between consumption of fish oil and the reduction of inflammation is clearer. Fish oil inhibits the production of prostaglandins, which are substances in the body that can cause inflammation.
  
  

Types

• In addition to fish oil in fish and in capsule form, there is also a vegetarian option: foods or supplements containing the omega-3 fatty acid ALA. However, ALA hasn't been proved to be quite as potent as the omega-3s found in fish oil. ALA is found in nuts and nut oils, such as English walnuts and flaxseed oil.
  
  

Recommended Dosage

• The American Heart Association recommends that adults eat a 3-oz. serving of fish twice weekly. If fish oil is not consumed through diet, the American Heart Association advises that adults who have heart disease should consult with their physician about taking fish oil capsules. It is advised to take no more than 3 g of fish oil per day. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should limit their fish because of possible methylmercury and PCB contamination. It is not recommended that children take fish oil supplements.
  
  

Warnings

• Supplements may be safer than the fish, which could be contaminated by methylmercury. Most manufacturers purify fish oil used in supplements to eliminate contaminants. Look for the USP symbol on supplements, which signifies that the supplement has been verified for safety and purity under a voluntary testing program. High doses of omega 3s can cause bleeding. Fish oil supplements may increase the risk of bleeding if taken in conjunction with other drugs and supplements including but not limited to heparin, Plavix, ibuprofen and Ginkgo biloba.